UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

RAPHAEL F. NEVINS,

Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee,

v.

MCKINLEY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC., an Alaska corporation,

Defendant-Appellee,

MCKINLEY SELECT, LTD., (Bermuda), a Bermuda exempt company; MCKINLEY OFFSHORE MANAGEMENT, LTD, a Bermuda exempt company; MCKINLEY PARTNERS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; ROBERT B. GILLAM, individually, as Chief Investment Officer of McKinley Capital Management, Inc., as Director of McKinley Select (Bermuda) Ltd. and as Director of McKinley Offshore Management Ltd.; DIANE WILKE, individually and as Chief Operating Officer and Compliance Officer of McKinley Capital Management, Inc., and as Director of McKinley Offshore Management, Ltd.; CHRISTOPHER J. GUPTILL, individually and on behalf of McKinley Capital Management, Inc.; ERIC SIPPEL, individually and as partner in Shartsis, Friese & Ginsburg, LLP, a law firm in San Francisco, CA,

Defendants-Appellees/Cross- Appellants.	Nos. 97-2355

97-2364

97-2365

(D.C. No. CIV-96-1387-BB)

(D.N.M.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and HENRY, Circuit Judges.

This suit arises out of an alleged agreement between Raphael Nevins, a New York resident, and McKinley Capital Management, Inc. (MCM), an Alaska- based corporation, to set up an off-shore investment fund. Per the agreement, Mr. Nevins worked from New York with Eric Sippel of Shartsis, Friese & Ginsburg, MCM's California-based law firm. In late 1995, MCM and Mr. Sippel ceased all communications with Mr. Nevins. Mr. Nevins asserts he continually attempted to contact defendants, but to no avail. In early 1996, Mr. Nevins moved to New Mexico where he continued his attempts to contact defendants. Mr. Nevins eventually discovered the offshore investment fund had already been formed and filed suit in New Mexico claiming breach of contract and various business torts against MCM, all of the companies formed in accordance with the agreement, the executives of MCM as individuals, the firm of Shartsis, Friese & Ginsburg, and Mr. Sippel individually. Mr. Nevins appeals the district court's dismissal of his suit against all named defendants for lack of personal jurisdiction. All defendants except MCM cross-appeal the district court's denial of their motions for imposition of Rule 11 sanctions. We affirm in part and remand in part.

On a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff must show that the district court has power over each foreign defendant under the state's long-arm statute and that exercise of such jurisdiction is consistent with due process limitations. See Far West Capital, Inc., v. Towne, 46 F.3d 1071, 1074 (10th Cir. 1995). We review de novo a dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction. See Trierweiler v. Croxton & Trench Holding Corp., 90 F.3d 1523, 1533 (10th Cir. 1996).

New Mexico's long-arm statute, N.M. Stat. Ann. § 38-1-16 (Michie 1978),1 requires a pled cause of action to arise out of the same activity by which the foreign defendant submitted to New Mexico's personal jurisdiction. See CABA, Ltd. Liab. Co. v. Mustang Software, Inc., 1999 WL 428242 at *8 (N.M. Ct. App. May 25, 1999). Mr. Nevins' complaint alleges breach of a contract negotiated and formed in New York and Alaska. Mr. Nevins' claims do not arise from any of defendants' activities within or contacts with New Mexico.

The analysis does not end there, however. New Mexico courts equate the transaction of business or tortious conduct requirements of section 38-1-16 with the due process requirement of minimum contacts. See CABA, 1999 WL 428242, at *3 (quoting Telephonic, Inc. v. Rosenblum, 543 P.2d 825, 827 (N.M. 1975)). In this case, defendants had no contacts with New Mexico that led to the subject matter of this suit other than Mr. Nevins' decision to relocate there.2 Defendants cannot be subjected to personal jurisdiction in New Mexico merely because of Mr. Nevins' unilateral act. See Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 474-75 (1985); Visarraga v. Gates Rubber Co., 717 P.2d 596, 600 (N.M. Ct. App. 1986). In addition, Mr. Sippel's and his firm's alleged malpractice in California is not considered a contact with New Mexico establishing personal jurisdiction. See DeVenzeio, 918 P.2d at 727. The district court's dismissal of all defendants was therefore proper.3

Mr. Nevins further asserts MCM consented to personal jurisdiction in New Mexico by signing a waiver consenting to service of process when registering with the New Mexico Securities Division. The waiver was specific, however, consenting only to service for those actions arising out of its investment advisor activities. See N.M. Stat. Ann. § 58-13B-50 (Michie 1978). Since Mr. Nevins' complaint does not arise out of MCM's investment advisor activities, MCM's consent does not extend to this action.

All defendants except MCM cross-appeal the district court's refusal to impose Rule 11 sanctions against Mr. Nevins for filing this complaint. We review the denial of Rule 11 sanctions for an abuse of discretion. See Barrett v. Tallon, 30 F.3d 1296, 1301 (10th Cir. 1994). Whether Rule 11 sanctions are available is determined by an objective standard of reasonableness. See Adamson v. Bowen, 855 F.2d 668, 673 (10th Cir. 1988).

Judge Black stated he declined to impose sanctions because as an attorney he had asserted similar arguments, thus implying Mr. Nevins' complaint was reasonable. See Aplee. Jt. App. at 227, 257. This statement was clearly directed at Mr. Nevins' complaint against the non-lawyer defendants. See id. at 227 (citing Budde v. Ling-Temco-Vaught, Inc., 511 F.2d 1033 (10th Cir. 1975) (holding service on New Mexico corporation's statutory service agent ineffective to establish jurisdiction for cause of action unrelated to corporation's activities in state). We are not convinced the district court abused its discretion in so deciding as to those defendants. It is not clear, however, whether Judge Black gave separate consideration to the lawyer-defendants' arguments regarding reasonableness. See id. at 257. We therefore remand this case to Judge Black to separately state whether Mr. Nevins should or should not be sanctioned under Rule 11 for filing this complaint against the lawyer-defendants, and to state his reasons for so deciding. See Griffen v. City of Oklahoma City, 3 F.3d 336, 340 & 340 n.4 (10th Cir. 1993).

We AFFIRM in part and REMAND in part.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephanie K. Seymour

Chief Judge