PUBLISH

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross- Appellee,
v.	Nos. 99-3049, 99-3062
CHERYL MARIE GIGLEY,

Defendant-Appellee and Cross- Appellant.

APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS

(D.C. No. 96-CR-40053)

Tom G. Luedke, Assistant United States Attorney (Jackie N. Williams, United States Attorney, with him on the brief), Topeka, Kansas, for Plaintiff- Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

Marilyn M. Trubey, Assistant Federal Public Defender (David J. Phillips, Federal Public Defender, with her on the brief), Topeka, Kansas, for Defendant- Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

Before BALDOCK, HENRY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

BALDOCK, Circuit Judge.

Defendant Cheryl Marie Gigley pled guilty to failure to appear as required by the conditions of her release in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 3146(a)(2). The district court sentenced her to 18 months imprisonment to run partially concurrently with her sentence on the underlying offense of methamphetamine possession. The Government appeals the district court's imposition of a partially concurrent sentence. Defendant cross-appeals, arguing that the district court erred in failing to group the offenses for sentencing. Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742. We remand for resentencing.

I.	In the companion case, Defendant pled guilty to possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841. Defendant failed to appear for sentencing and was charged with failure to appear in this case. After she was apprehended, Defendant pled guilty to failure to appear. In the drug case, the district court relied on the quantity of methamphetamine mixture to find a base offense level of 30 and sentenced Defendant to 120 months imprisonment. We remanded for resentencing based on the amount of pure methamphetamine. United States v. Gigley, Nos. 99-3025, 99-2048, ___ F.3d ___, ___ (10th Cir. Mar. __, 2000). In this case for failure to appear, the district court found a base offense level of 15 and sentenced Defendant to 18 months imprisonment, 12 months of which were to run concurrently with her sentence in the drug case.

On appeal, the Government argues that the district court erred in ordering 12 months of Defendant's sentence for failure to appear to run concurrently with her sentence in the companion drug case. At the sentencing hearing, the Government objected to the imposition of a partially concurrent sentence. The district court noted the objection, but made no ruling.1

In her cross-appeal, Defendant argues that the two cases should have been grouped for sentencing. For that purpose, Defendant filed a motion to consolidate the drug case and the failure to appear case for sentencing. The district court denied the motion, stating: "The motion to combine these cases is denied and overruled, and they will be held separately." At the sentencing hearing in the drug case, Defendant again argued that the offenses should be grouped. Again, the district court made no ruling, but did not group the offenses.

II.

We review the district court's statutory interpretation de novo. Robinson v. City of Edmond, 160 F.3d 1275, 1280 (10th Cir. 1998). We also review its application of the sentencing guidelines to the facts de novo. United States v. Roberts, 183 F.3d 1125, 1144 (10th Cir. 1999). Under 18 U.S.C. § 3146(b)(2), the district court is to impose the sentence for failure to appear consecutively to the sentence for the underlying offense: "A term of imprisonment imposed [for failure to appear] shall be consecutive to the sentence of imprisonment for any other offense." Id. When a defendant is convicted of both the failure to appear and the underlying offense, the failure to appear offense is treated as an obstruction of the underlying offense under U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1. Id. at § 2J1.6 comment. (n.3); United States v. Lacey, 969 F.2d 926, 930 (10th Cir. 1992), vacated on other grounds, 507 U.S. 901 (1993) (applying the sentencing guidelines to group the underlying offense and the failure to appear offense for sentencing).2 According to the guidelines, the district court is to adjust the offense level of the underlying offense upwards by two levels for obstruction of justice. Id. at § 3C1.1. The underlying offense and the failure to appear offense are then grouped pursuant to §§ 3D1.2(c), 3D1.2 comment. (n.5). Id. at §2J1.6 comment. (n.3); Lacey, 969 F.2d at 930.3

Once the offenses are grouped, the district court is to determine the offense level of the group, set the total punishment, and impose consecutive sentences within the total punishment. The group's offense level "is the offense level . . . for the most serious of the counts comprising the group, i.e., the highest offense level of the counts in the group." Id. at § 3D1.3(a). The total punishment is determined based on any applicable statutory minimums and the sentencing table in Chapter 5. Id. at §§ 3D1.5, 5G1.2. "[T]he combined sentence must be constructed to provide a 'total punishment' that satisfies the requirements both of § 5G1.2 . . . and 18 U.S.C. § 3146(b)(2) . . . ." Id. at § 2J1.6 comment. (n.3). The sentencing guidelines provide the following illustration:

For example, where the combined applicable guideline range for both counts is 30-37 months and the court determines a "total punishment" of 36 months is appropriate, a sentence of thirty months for the underlying offense plus a consecutive six months sentence for the failure to appear count would satisfy these requirements.

Id.

The sentencing guidelines direct the district court to construct a sentence that complies with both the guideline range and the statutory requirement of consecutive sentences: "Note that the combination of this instruction and increasing the offense level for the obstructive, failure to appear conduct has the effect of ensuring an incremental, consecutive punishment for the failure to appear count, as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3146(b)(2)." United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, § 2J1.6 comment. (n.3) (Nov. 1998).4

The district court should have grouped Defendant's drug offense and her failure to appear offense for sentencing and imposed a total punishment with consecutive sentences. See Lacey, 969 F.2d at 930 ("[I]f a defendant is convicted of one of the listed obstruction offenses as well as an underlying offense, the counts should be grouped."). The offense level of the drug charge will most likely be higher than the offense level of the failure to appear charge. Therefore, the combined offense level will be the same as the offense level of the drug charge. The district court should then find the sentencing range for the combined offense level and select a total punishment within that range. The sentences for Defendant's drug offense and her failure to appear offense are to run consecutively and add up to the total punishment.5

REMANDED for resentencing in accordance with this opinion.