UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

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GUSTAVO GALVEZ-LETONA,

Petitioner-Appellee,

v.

WAYNE KIRKPATRICK, Acting Officer in Charge, JOSEPH GREENE, District Director, Immigration & Naturalization Service, JANET RENO, United States Attorney General,

Respondents-Appellants,

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AMERICAN IMMIGRATION LAWYERS ASSOCIATION; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROTECTION & ADVOCACY SYSTEMS; DISABILITY LAW CENTER; THE ARC OF THE UNITED STATES; THE ARC OF UTAH; THE ARC OF ALLEGHENY; THE ARC OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; AMERICAN ASSOCIATION ON MENTAL RETARDATION; BAZELON CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH LAW; DISABILITY RIGHTS EDUCATION & DEFENSE FUND; DISABILITY RIGHTS COUNCIL OF GREATER WASHINGTON; NATIONAL SENIOR CITIZENS LAW CENTER; NEW YORK LAWYERS FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST; ACCESS LIVING OF METROPOLITIAN CHICAGO; PENNSYLVANIA COALITION OF CITIZENS WITH DISABILITIES; PENNSYLVANIA COUNCIL ON INDEPENDENT LIVING; PENNSYLVANIA STATEWIDE INDEPENDENT LIVING COUNCIL; PUBLIC INTEREST LAW CENTER OF PHILADELPHIA; NORTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING; VISION FOR EQUALITY; AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS; CATHOLIC CHARITIES USA; UNITED JEWISH COMMUNITIES; LUTHERAN IMMIGRATION & REFUGEE SERVICE; MEXICAN AMERICAN LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND; ASIAN AMERICAN LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND; FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION; IMMIGRANT LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER; IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE SERVICES OF AMERICA; NATIONAL ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN LEGAL CONSORTIUM; NATIONAL CENTER ON POVERTY LAW; NATIONAL IMMIGRATION LAW CENTER; NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LA RAZA; ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN LEGAL CENTER OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FUND FOR IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES; CAPITAL AREA IMMIGRANTS' RIGHTS COALITION; FLORIDA JUSTICE INSTITUTE; FLORIDA IMMIGRANT ADVOCACY CENTER; FLORIDA LEGAL SERVICES; UTAH MINORITY BAR ASSOCIATION; HEARTLAND ALLIANCE FOR HUMAN NEEDS AND HUMAN RIGHTS; HEBREW IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY AND COUNCIL MIGRATION SERVICE OF PHILADELPHIA; ILLINOIS COALITION FOR IMMIGRANT AND REFUGEE RIGHTS; INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES; INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE EAST BAY; COUNCIL OF SENIOR CENTERS AND SERVICES OF NEW YORK CITY; LEGAL ASSISTANCE FOR SENIORS; NEW YORK IMMIGRATION COALITION; NORTHWEST IMMIGRANT RIGHTS PROJECT; SOUTHEAST REGIONAL IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP COALITION; ALBUQUERQUE BORDER CITY PROJECT; AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF JEWS FROM THE FORMER USSR; AMERICAN NETWORK OF COMMUNITY OPTIONS AND RESOURCES; ASIAN COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL CENTER; ASIAN LAW ALLIANCE; ASIAN PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT CENTER; CABRINI IMMIGRANT SERVICES; CARIBBEAN WOMEN'S HEALTH ASSOCIATION; CATHOLIC CHARITIES COMMUNITY AND IMMIGRANT SERVICES; LINCOLN INTERFAITH COUNCIL; CLARE'S WELL; LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES OF MINNESOTA; MASSACHUSETTS IMMIGRANT AND REFUGEE ADVOCACY COALITION; MONTAGNARD/DEGA ASSOCIATION; KOREAN AMERICAN COALITION; NATIONAL EVANGELICAL SLAVIC ASSOCIATION; NATIONAL FEDERATION OF FILIPINO AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONS; OFICINA LEGAL/IMMIGRANT LAW CENTER; SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH OF ORANGE; UTICA CITIZENS IN ACTION; VERMONT REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM,

Amici Curiae.

No. 99-4195

(D. Utah)

(D.C. No. 99-CV-83-K)
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ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

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Before MURPHY and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges, and KANE, District Judge.**

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Respondents-Appellants Wayne Kirkpatrick, Joseph Greene and Janet Reno (collectively the Immigration and Naturalization Service ("INS")) seek reversal of the district court order granting the application for naturalization of Petitioner-Appellee Gustavo Galvez-Letona ("Galvez") and ordering the INS to naturalize him forthwith. The INS had denied Galvez's application for citizenship because he could not demonstrate that he was attached to the principles of the Constitution, understood the oath of allegiance and was willing to take the oath as provided in sections 316(a) and 337(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1427(a), 1448(a). There is no dispute that the only reason Galvez could not make this showing was because of physical disabilities and mental impairment resulting from severe Downs Syndrome. It is undisputed that Galvez otherwise met all qualifications for citizenship.

The district court ordered the INS to grant Galvez's request for naturalization upon finding that the INS had violated section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which prohibits any executive agency from denying a government benefit to an "otherwise qualified individual . . . solely by reason of her or his disability." 29 U.S.C. § 794(a). In the district court and on appeal, the INS argued against this result on the ground that the oath of allegiance and attachment are essential requirements for naturalization that cannot be waived pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act or otherwise.

After this appeal was submitted for decision, Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act expressly to grant the Attorney General discretion to waive the oath and attachment requirement if, in the opinion of the Attorney General, the applicant was unable to understand or comply with this requirement as a result of a disability or mental impairment. Pub. L. 106-448, 114 Stat. 1939 (2000) (amending 8 U.S.C. § 1448(a)). In supplemental briefing, the INS represented to the Court that Galvez is qualified for waiver of the oath and attachment requirements under this provision and that it had decided to waive these requirements for Galvez and approve his application for naturalization. The INS further asserted that these representations moot this appeal and require us to vacate the district court judgment.

We disagree. Pursuant to the district court's order, the INS issued Galvez a certificate of citizenship in November, 1999. The INS maintains that this certificate will terminate and Galvez's right to citizenship pursuant to it will be void ab initio if this Court vacates or reverses the district court's order. Conversely, if we affirm the district court's judgment, the INS has stated that it will acknowledge Galvez's citizenship for all purposes as conferred by the November, 1999 certificate and will formally notify Galvez of such acknowledgment. In its supplemental briefing to this Court, the INS indicated that, notwithstanding its recent decision to waive the oath and attachment requirement for Galvez and approve his request for naturalization, it will require Galvez to obtain a new certificate of naturalization rather than affirm the validity of Galvez's existing certificate and any benefits he has obtained in reliance on it. Under these circumstances, the validity of Galvez's November, 1999 certificate of naturalization remains at issue and this case is not moot. See City of Albuquerque v. Browner, 97 F.3d 415, 420 (10th Cir. 1996)(case is not moot unless effects of alleged misconduct are "completely and irrevocably eradicated.").

Turning to the merits of the appeal, we affirm the district court's judgment, but on grounds other than those stated by that court.1 As described above, Congress' recent amendment of the Immigration and Naturalization Act grants the INS discretion to waive the oath and attachment requirement for disabled persons. This amendment applies to all persons applying for naturalization "before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act." Pub. L. 106-448, § 2. The INS has informed the Court that Galvez is eligible for this waiver and that it would exercise its discretion to approve Galvez's application for naturalization if the application was newly presented to it. This INS determination is applicable to the Galvez naturalization application acted upon by the district court. As the INS has determined that the oath and attachment requirement should be waived for Galvez and that he is otherwise entitled to naturalization, we AFFIRM on this basis the district court order directing the INS to grant Galvez's application for naturalization.

In light of this decision, we deny the INS's Motion to Vacate the Judgment of the District Court and to Remand With Direction to Dismiss, and deny as moot Galvez's Motion for Summary Affirmance.

Entered for the Court

John L. Kane, Jr.

District Judge