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The magistrate judge filed a Report and Recommendation on April 26, 2000 recommending that habeas relief be denied. The district court adopted the magistrate judge's recommendation in an order filed June 16, 2000. Petitioner argues on appeal that: (1) he was arrested without probable cause; (2) he did not have a full and fair opportunity to litigate his Fourth Amendment claim in the state courts; (3) the trial court admitted evidence of prior bad acts in violation of the Utah rules of evidence; (4) the trial court admitted evidence of prior bad acts in violation of his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process of law; (5) he received ineffective assistance of appellate counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment; (6) the magistrate judge erred by concluding that his claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel was not raised in his petition for certiorari to the Utah Supreme Court and recommending that it be held procedurally barred; (7) the magistrate judge erred by recommending that his claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel was without merit; (8) the compulsory process clause of the Sixth Amendment was violated by trial and appellate counsel's failure to obtain and present impeachment and exonerating testimony to counter perjured prosecution testimony; (9) the magistrate judge erred by failing to rule on his pro se "Motion for Further Transcripts and Proceedings" and his "'Franks' Motion for an Evidentiary Hearing"⁽¹⁾; and (10) the district court erred by failing to make a de novo determination of the record.

Because petitioner is pro se, we construe his pleadings liberally. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520­21 (1972) (per curiam). The standard of review we apply to petitioner's claims of error depends on whether the state courts addressed them on their merits. Hale v. Gibson, 227 F.3d 1298, 1309 (10th Cir. 2000). "If the state courts have not heard [a] claim on its merits, we review the district court's legal conclusions de novo and its factual findings, if any, for clear error." Id. "If the state courts have addressed [a] claim on its merits, we review the state court ruling under the standard enunciated under 28 U.S.C. § 2254." Id.

The state courts addressed petitioner's first and third claims of error on their merits. Therefore, we review them under the same standard the magistrate judge used. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) (providing for habeas relief from the judgment of a state court only when the adjudication of a claim involved an "unreasonable application of clearly established Federal law" or was "based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented"). Based on our review of the parties' materials and the record on appeal, we affirm on these issues for substantially the reasons stated by the magistrate judge in his thorough Report and Recommendation and adopted by the district court.

We review petitioner's second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth claims de novo. Again, having conducted an independent examination of the record, we affirm on these issues for substantially the reasons given by the magistrate judge in his Report and Recommendation and adopted by the district court.

Finally, we turn to petitioner's ninth and tenth claims. The magistrate judge denied petitioner's pro se "Motion for Further Transcripts and Proceedings" in an order filed March 6, 2000. (R. Doc. 14.) The magistrate judge denied petitioner's "'Franks' Motion for an Evidentiary Hearing" in an order filed on May 3, 2000. (R. Doc. 16.) Therefore, petitioner's claim that the magistrate judge failed to rule on these motions is without merit.

The district court did not specifically state that its review was de novo. However, "[w]e assume that the district court performed its review function properly in the absence of evidence to the contrary." Green v. Branson, 108 F.3d 1296, 1305 (10th Cir. 1997). Petitioner offers no evidence to support his argument that the district court failed to conduct the proper de novo review. We therefore reject this claim of error.

Petitioner's application for COA is denied, and the appeal is DISMISSED.

Entered for the Court

Carlos F. Lucero

Circuit Judge

^*. The case is unanimously ordered submitted without oral argument pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The Court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

^1. See Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978).

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