FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit

APR 26 2002

PATRICK FISHER
Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

	Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

DANNY L. BRITTAIN,

	Defendant - Appellant.	No. 01-3365
(D.C. No. 01-CV-3240-DES,
96-CR-40057-01-DES)
(D. Kansas)	

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before SEYMOUR, HENRY and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.  

	Danny Brittain, a pro se federal prisoner, sued under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, challenging on various grounds his conviction and sentence under a guilty plea to conspiracy to manufacture methamphetamine.  The district court concluded that the petition was not timely and that Mr. Brittain had failed to show circumstances justifying equitable tolling.  The court denied Mr. Brittain’s request for a certificate of appealability (COA).  Mr. Brittain appeals and renews his request for a COA. 
	When, as here,
the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner’s underlying constitutional claim, a [certificate of appealability] should issue when the prisoner shows, at least, that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.

Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); see also Gibson v. Klinger, 232 F.3d 799, 802 (10th Cir. 2000).  Both showings must be made and courts are “allow[ed] and encourag[ed] to first resolve procedural issues.”  Slack, 529 U.S. at 485.
	Mr. Brittain’s section 2255 petition is governed by AEDPA, which establishes a one-year limitation period for federal prisoners seeking habeas relief.  See 28 U.S.C. § 2255.  It is undisputed that although Mr. Brittain’s judgment of conviction became final no later than April 8, 2000, his section 2255 motion was not filed until June 18, 2001, well over one year later.  In response to the government’s assertion that his action was not timely, Mr. Brittain, who is allegedly legally blind, contended the limitation period should be equitably tolled because he was hindered in his attempt to file by numerous transfers between prisons after his incarceration and by the fact that none of the institutions to which he was transferred had legal materials for the visually impaired.  
	“AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations is subject to equitable tolling but only ‘in rare and exceptional circumstances.’” Gibson, 232 F.3d at 808 (quoting Davis v. Johnson, 158 F.3d 806, 811 (5th Cir. 1998)).  This equitable remedy is only available “when an inmate diligently pursues his claims and demonstrates that the failure to timely file was caused by extraordinary circumstances beyond his control.”  Marsh v. Soares, 223 F.3d 1217, 1220 (10th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1194 (2001).  Mr. Brittain has the burden of establishing that equitable tolling should apply.  See Miller v. Marr, 141 F.3d 976, 978 (10th Cir. 1998) (refusing to apply equitable tolling because petitioner “provided no specificity regarding the alleged lack of access and the steps he took to diligently pursue his federal claims”).
	The district court ruled that Mr. Brittain’s allegations were insufficient to invoke equitable tolling here.  The court concluded that transfers to and from various prisons were not exceptional circumstances and, while inconvenient, did not rise to such a level that they prevented Mr. Brittain from timely filing.  The court also concluded that Mr. Brittain’s allegations regarding the inadequacies of the available legal materials for inmates with visual impairments were likewise insufficient.  Accordingly, the court declined to exercise its equitable powers to toll the limitation period.
	We review a district court’s decision with respect to equitable tolling for an abuse of discretion.  See Fisher v. Johnson, 174 F.3d 710, 713 (5th Cir. 1999).  “Equitable tolling, which is to be employed only sparingly in any event, has been applied in the context of the AEDPA only if extraordinary circumstances beyond a prisoner’s control make it impossible to file a petition on time.”  United States v. Cicero, 214 F.3d 199, 203 (D.C. Cir 2000) (citation and internal quotations omitted).  “Moreover, a petitioner must diligently pursue his federal habeas claims . . . .”  Gibson, 232 F.3d at 808.  Mr. Brittain’s allegations, when measured against these standards, are not a sufficient basis for applying equitable tolling.  Significantly, he has failed to demonstrate that he diligently pursued his claims.  Indeed, he has not alleged that he even attempted to do so during the relevant period.  Moreover, he has not explained in what way his prison transfers actually made it impossible for him to file on time, or to describe how the deficiencies in the legal materials available to him were inadequate in view of his visual impairment.  See, e.g., Miller, 141 F.3d at 978.  Accordingly, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to equitably toll the period.	Mr. Brittain also appears to assert a claim for denial of access to the courts on the basis of his allegation that the various prisons at which he was incarcerated did not provide adequate legal materials for the visually impaired.  Such a claim is properly brought as a Bivens action rather than as a request for habeas relief under section 2255.  Even if we were to construe this claim as a civil rights action under Bivens, however, Mr. Brittain has failed to allege actual injury as required by Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351 (1996) (“an inmate cannot establish relevant actual injury simply by establishing that his prison’s law library or legal assistance program is subpar in some theoretical sense.”).  The Court in Lewis made clear that the actual injury requirement applies to all inmates, even those with special needs.  See id. at 356.
	Because we hold that there is no debatable issue as to whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling, see Slack, 529 U.S. at 478, we decline to consider whether Mr. Brittain’s petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right.  We DENY Mr. Brittain’s request for a certificate of appealability and DISMISS the case.
						ENTERED FOR THE COURT

						Stephanie K. Seymour
						Circuit Judge