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Following a jury trial, appellant Steven Ray Romack was convicted of two counts of sexual abuse of a child. On direct appeal, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals reduced his sentence but otherwise affirmed his conviction. Mr. Romack, proceeding pro se, sought habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The magistrate judge recommended denying relief; Mr. Romack did not file any objection. The district court entered a summary order adopting the report and recommendation. Mr. Romack now seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) from this court under 28 U.S.C. § 2253.

A threshold issue is whether Mr. Romack has waived his right to challenge the magistrate judge's findings and conclusions because he failed to object to the report and recommendation. This circuit follows a firm waiver rule in such circumstances. See Moore v. United States, 950 F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir. 1991). In the case of pro se litigants, the waiver concept applies only if the pro se party was given adequate notice of the consequences of the failure to object. See id. Further, waiver may be disregarded if the interests of justice so require. See id.

The magistrate judge's warning in this case was sufficient to advise Mr. Romack of the potentially serious consequences of a failure to object. The report and recommendation advised that a party's failure to object "may bar the party . . . from appealing any . . . factual or legal findings." R. Pleading Vol., Doc. 16 (May 11, 2000 Report and Recommendation) at 12. This language would place a reasonable person on notice that he or she should take action to protect the right to appeal.

Upon review of Mr. Romack's arguments and the record, we further conclude that application of the waiver rule would not be contrary to the interests of justice.

Accordingly, COA is DENIED and the appeal DISMISSED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

Monroe G. McKay

Circuit Judge

^*. Mike Mullin replaced Gary Gibson as Warden of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary effective March 25, 2002.

^2. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

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