UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

ALFORD RAY BRADLEY,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

No. 03-6172
v.	(D.C. No. CIV-03-143-M)
TWYLA MASON GRAY,

Defendant-Appellee.	(W.D. Oklahoma)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before EBEL, HENRY, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiff Alford R. Bradley, a prisoner acting pro se, brought suit in federal district court against Defendant Oklahoma County District Judge Twyla M. Gray under 42 U.S.C. §1983, for acting in a partial and biased manner in imposing a $200.00 sanction on Plaintiff in a state post-conviction hearing, and for sanctioning him without providing a "due process hearing" or court-appointed counsel. Proceeding under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b)(i) and 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), the district court dismissed his complaint as frivolous on May 27, 2003, on the ground that it is clear from the face of the complaint that Judge Gray is absolutely immune from liability on Plaintiff's claim. Plaintiff appeals the district court's dismissal of his complaint. We affirm.

The standard of review for dismissal of a complaint on judicial-immunity grounds is generally de novo. Ledbetter v. City of Topeka, 318 F.3d 1183, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003). This court has not yet resolved, however, whether a dismissal of a complaint as frivolous should be reviewed for abuse of discretion or de novo. See Plunk v. Givens, 234 F.3d 1128, 1130 (10th Cir. 2000). Thus, the standard of review is somewhat open to question. In any event, this matter need not be resolved in the instant case, because there is no reversible error under either standard.

It is firmly established that judges enjoy absolute immunity from suit for all "judicial acts" unless they have acted "in the clear absence of all jurisdiction." Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356–57 (1978). This immunity "protect[s] judicial independence by insulating judges from vexatious actions prosecuted by disgruntled litigants." Forrester v. White, 484 U.S. 219, 225 (1988) (citing Bradley v. Fisher, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 335, 348 (1872)).

The "judicial acts" for which judges enjoy immunity include all functions normally performed by a judge when the parties deal with the judge in her judicial capacity. Stump, 435 U.S. at 362. Plaintiff's suspicions that Judge Gray was biased against him are unavailing. Immunity for judicial acts cannot "be affected by the motives with which [they] are performed." Bradley, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) at 347. Nor does the fact that Plaintiff brought a § 1983 action alter the applicability of this doctrine. See Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554–55 (1967).

The acts for which Plaintiff sued Judge Gray—namely the manner in which she conducted a state post-conviction hearing and the sanctions she handed down therein—are clearly "judicial acts." Further, Judge Gray was acting within her jurisdiction. As a county judge, she has jurisdiction over all local criminal matters. Judge Gray therefore enjoys absolute immunity in this case.

For the foregoing reasons, and in the absence of any relevant contrary showing in Plaintiff's appellate brief, we conclude that Plaintiff's appeal is frivolous. We therefore DISMISS his appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), and DENY his motion to proceed without prepayment of costs or fees.

The district court's dismissal of Plaintiff's complaint counts as a strike for the purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Our dismissal of this appeal also counts as

a strike against Plaintiff for the purposes of § 1915(g). See Jennings v. Natrona County Detention Ctr. Med. Facility, 175 F.3d 775, 780 (10th Cir. 1999).

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Harris L Hartz

Circuit Judge