UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

RONALD J. CESTNIK,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, named as United States Bureau of Prisons,

Defendant-Appellee.	No. 03-1124

(D.C. No. 01-WM-1118 (BNB))

(Colorado)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before SEYMOUR, MURPHY, and O'BRIEN, Circuit Judges.

The district court dismissed Ronald J. Cestnik's medical malpractice claims against the United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA).1 We affirm.

The facts surrounding Mr. Cestnik's claims were aptly laid out in the magistrate judge's recommendation and are excerpted here:

The plaintiff is presently confined at FCI Englewood in

Littleton, Colorado. . . . On or about the morning of April 22, 1998,

the plaintiff slipped on ice while walking on a ramp to the recreation department. The ramp was not marked and was not cleared of ice. The plaintiff fell and injured his right knee. The plaintiff reported the fall

to medical staff at FCI Englewood. The plaintiff was provided with

medication and rehabilitation, but continued to suffer pain and

dysfunction in the knee.

The plaintiff filed an administrative tort claim, which was

denied on December 14, 2000. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b),

the plaintiff filed this action within the requisite six months of the

denial of his administrative tort claim.

The plaintiff brings two claims under the [FTCA]. The

claims allege (1) negligence in failing to obtain an MRI, failing

to alleviate the plaintiff's pain and suffering, and failing to correct

the injury; and (2) negligence "for deliberate medical indifference

that might have resulted in permanent and irreparable damage to

the Plaintiff's knee" and for withholding treatment to the knee.

Record at tab 42, pages 1-2.

The government sought to dismiss Mr. Cestnik's complaint on the basis of his failure to file a certificate of review, required as a condition precedent to any professional malpractice suit under Colorado law. See Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-20-
602. The magistrate judge granted Mr. Cestnik a three-month extension of time to file the required certificate. Unable to retain a physician to perform the exam necessary for a certificate, Mr. Cestnik moved for appointment of an expert pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 706, which was denied. When Mr. Cestnik's extension of time expired, the government again moved for dismissal, which the district court granted. Mr. Cestnik appeals both the denial of a court-
appointed expert and the dismissal of his claims.

The government contends Mr. Cestnik's failure to object formally within ten days to the denial of an expert deprives us of jurisdiction to review the matter. The government is correct that "[w]ithin 10 days after being served with a copy of the magistrate judge's order, a party may serve and file objections to the order," and that "a party may not thereafter assign as error a defect in the magistrate's order to which objection was not timely made." Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a). But we have made an exception to this waiver rule for parties proceeding pro se who lack specific notice of the consequences of failing to object:

[i]n proceedings in which a party appears without benefit of counsel, we shall exercise our supervisory power and require magistrates within the circuit to inform a pro se litigant not only of the time period for filing objections, but also of the consequences of a failure to object . . . . This notice should be included in the text of the document containing the magistrates findings and recommendations.

Moore v. United States, 950 F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir. 1991). The order denying Mr. Cestnik's motion for appointment of an expert included no such warning, so he did not waive his objection and we have jurisdiction to consider it.

A court's authority to appoint an expert under Rule 706 is discretionary and we may only overturn the denial of such a motion for abuse of discretion. Duckett v. Mullin, 306 F.3d 982, 999 (10th Cir. 2002). Under this standard,

"a trial court's decision will not be disturbed unless the appellate court has a definite and firm conviction that the lower court made a clear error of judgment

or exceeded the bounds of permissible choice in the circumstances." Moothart v. Bell, 21 F.3d 1499, 1504 (10th Cir. 1994). Given the relative lack of complexity of Mr. Cestnik's case and his failure to submit any evidence that he was financially unable to retain his own physician, we cannot say the refusal to appoint an expert constituted abuse of discretion.

Contending Colorado's certificate of review requirement is inapplicable and the government's motion to dismiss was untimely filed, Mr. Cestnik seeks reversal of the district court's dismissal. Neither contention has merit.

When a plaintiff brings suit against the United States under the FTCA, state substantive law applies. See 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1); Flynn v. United States, 902 F.2d 1524, 1527 (10th Cir. 1990). We have held Colorado's requirement of this certificate to be a substantive, rather than procedural, rule of law. Trierweiler v. Croxton & Trench Holding Corp., 90 F.3d 1523, 1541 (10th Cir. 1996). As such, it is applicable to Mr. Cestnik's FTCA claims, even though he is proceeding pro se. Yadon v. Southward, 64 P.3d 909, 912 (Colo. Ct. App. 2003). Mr. Cestnik concedes his complaint lacks the required certificate of review. Colorado law, as applied to Mr. Cestnik's claims through the FTCA, therefore requires dismissal of his complaint. Teiken v. Reynolds, 904 P.2d 1387, 1389 (Colo. Ct. App. 1995).

Mr. Cestnik asserts the government failed to timely move for dismissal based on his failure to file a certificate of review. The government filed two motions to dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1). It brought and the court granted the first because of Mr. Cestnik's failure to file some of his claims within the statute of limitations. When the government filed its first motion to dismiss, however, the time for Mr. Cestnik to file his certificate of review had not yet expired. Once that time had run, the government brought a second motion. Mr. Cestnik's insistence that the government should have brought its motion to dismiss for failure to file a certificate of review along with the one based on the statute of limitations is unwarranted. The government moved to dismiss when the relevant situation arose, and the district court properly granted the motion.

We AFFIRM.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephanie K. Seymour

Circuit Judge