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I. Factual Background.

Mr. Stein is a New Mexico attorney specializing in estate planning. He regularly presents seminars on creating living trusts and also advises clients on how to structure their assets in order to qualify for Medicaid. He solicits potential clients through print advertising. Until recently, New Mexico attorneys wishing to advertise had to submit potential advertisements to the Legal Advertising Committee ("LAC") for approval prior to public dissemination.⁽¹⁾ If the LAC found that a proposed advertisement violated New Mexico legal advertising regulations it would issue a report to the Disciplinary Board of the Supreme Court of the State of New Mexico ("Disciplinary Board") if the attorney disseminated the advertisement without correction. After receiving a report from the LAC, the Disciplinary Board would have the option to file formal charges against the attorney. If the Disciplinary Board filed formal charges, the Disciplinary Board would also appoint a hearing officer to preside over the proceedings. Following an adverse decision by the hearing officer an attorney could appeal to the full Disciplinary Board and, if unsuccessful, to the New Mexico Supreme Court.

On June 28, 2002, Sally Scott-Mullins, Deputy Chief Disciplinary Counsel of the Disciplinary Board, sent a letter to Mr. Stein notifying him that the LAC forwarded complaints to her regarding legal advertisements he had submitted. The letter suggested changes and deletions to the advertisements. The letter also informed Mr. Stein that if he made the changes he would receive an informal admonition, and if he did not he would face formal disciplinary charges. The letter required a response by July 15, 2002. Mr. Stein requested, and received, an extension until August 5, 2002.

A. Stein I.

Instead of responding to the letter, Mr. Stein filed a federal lawsuit on July 29, 2002 against the LAC, the Disciplinary Board, and the New Mexico Supreme Court. See Stein v. Legal Advertising Committee of Disciplinary Bd., 272 F.Supp.2d 1260 (D.N.M. 2003) (hereinafter Stein I). He sought a preliminary injunction prohibiting the Disciplinary Board from acting against him. He alleged violations of the First Amendment, the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In response, the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss based on abstention, exhaustion, and/or immunity, motions for partial summary judgment on each claim asserted, and a response to the preliminary injunction motion.

On October 22, 2002, Ms. Scott-Mullins filed formal charges against Mr. Stein. The Disciplinary Board convened a hearing committee to consider the evidence and make findings of fact regarding the charges (hereinafter, Stein Disciplinary Proceeding). On February 6, 2003, the district court granted the Defendants' motion to dismiss on Younger abstention grounds, concluding that the Stein Disciplinary Proceeding was in progress and that Mr. Stein would have an opportunity to raise any constitutional claims during that proceeding.

B. Stein II.

On March 17, 2003, the hearing committee issued an order noting that any arguments Mr. Stein wished to raise about the constitutionality of the New Mexico Advertising Rules could be raised by a motion to dismiss, as an affirmative defense in his answer, or both. On April 9, 2003, the LAC denied two new advertisements submitted by Mr. Stein. The LAC also advised Mr. Stein that if he did not terminate use of these advertisements he might face professional discipline.

In response to denial of the new advertisements, Mr. Stein filed another federal lawsuit (hereinafter Stein II). The complaint in Stein II alleged violations similar to those alleged in Stein I. On April 21, 2003, the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss. On April 22, 2003 the district court issued an order dismissing the case without prejudice, again on Younger abstention grounds.

C. Stein III.

After Stein II there were two notable developments. First, Mr. Stein filed a counterclaim and a third party claim in the Stein Disciplinary Proceeding. Ms. Scott-Mullins filed a motion to strike these claims because the hearing committee had already advised Mr. Stein to file any constitutional claims in a motion to dismiss or in his answer. Second, Mr. Stein filed a petition before the Disciplinary Board seeking declaratory relief and appealing the LAC's denial of the Stein II advertisements. In response, the Disciplinary Board issued an order staying the Stein Disciplinary Proceeding. The Disciplinary Board issued the stay because the constitutional issues raised by the petition for declaratory relief and the appeal of the Stein II advertisements encompassed the same constitutional issues implicated in the Stein Disciplinary Proceeding.

On May 27, 2003, Mr. Stein filed a third federal lawsuit against the Defendants (hereinafter Stein III). The complaint was largely similar to Stein I & II, but alleged that the two developments since Stein II eliminated the abstention rationale. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss and/or for summary judgment. On June 17, 2003, the district court dismissed the case without prejudice on Younger abstention grounds. Mr. Stein filed a timely appeal.

II. Analysis .

A district court's abstention under Younger is subject to de novo review. Amanatullah v. Colorado Board of Medical Examiners, 187 F.3d 1160, 1163 (10th Cir. 1999). A federal court must abstain under Younger if (1) there is a state, civil, criminal or administrative proceeding that is in progress and is judicial in nature; (2) the state proceeding provides an adequate forum to hear a litigant's federal claims; and (3) the state proceedings involve important state interests. Id. at 1163. In this appeal, Mr. Stein argues that the state disciplinary proceedings are no longer in progress and that the state is not providing an adequate forum for him to present his constitutional challenge to New Mexico's advertising regulations.

A. The in progress requirement.

Mr. Stein argues that the state proceedings are no longer in progress because of the stay of the Stein Disciplinary Proceeding and the uncertain status of his appeal of the rejection of the advertisements at issue in Stein II. In order to show that state proceedings are no longer in progress a litigant must show exhaustion of his state appellate remedies. Morrow v. Winslow, 94 F.3d 1386, 1392 (10th Cir. 1996). We take judicial notice of an order issued by the New Mexico Supreme Court on October 26, 2004, stating that the Disciplinary Board has jurisdiction to hear Mr. Stein's petition for declaratory judgment. This order demonstrates that Mr. Stein has yet to exhaust his state appellate remedies, and consequently his arguments are, at best, premature. He cites no authority for his contention that temporarily staying one element in a group of related state proceedings provides an exception to the exhaustion rule. The exhaustion rule is a clear and sensible approach to Younger analysis, and we see no reason to compromise it. Accordingly, we conclude that the proceedings are still in progress for Younger purposes.

B. Adequate forum.

In the context of state administrative proceedings, there is an adequate forum for Younger purposes if a litigant may raise federal claims during state court review of the proceedings. Amanatullah, 187 F.3d at 1164 (quoting Ohio Civil Rights Comm'n v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc., 477 U.S. 619, 629 (1986)). Mr. Stein does not argue that New Mexico law precludes him from asserting his federal claims during state court review of the Disciplinary Board's actions. Instead he offers two arguments that are legally irrelevant and demonstrably inaccurate. First, he argues that there is some doubt whether the Disciplinary Board will entertain his petition for a declaratory judgment on his constitutional claims. Second, he contends that there are no procedures to govern a request for a declaratory judgment before the Disciplinary Board. The October 26, 2004 Order of the New Mexico Supreme Court dispenses with both of these claims. The Order provides that the Disciplinary Board has jurisdiction over the petition for a declaratory judgment and should use the procedures outlined in NMRA, Rule 17-314(A) to govern these proceedings. Thus, Mr. Stein will get a chance to present his federal claims in a structured state administrative proceeding--a setting that is adequate for Younger purposes.

III. Conclusion.

The State of New Mexico is attempting to provide Mr. Stein with a forum to present his federal challenges to New Mexico's attorney advertising rules. Despite being met with Mr. Stein's increasingly inventive motions at every turn, the proceedings continue to meet the conditions that require a Younger abstention. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the ruling of the district court and DENY all of Mr. Stein's pending motions.

Entered for the Court,

Michael W. McConnell

Circuit Judge

^*.This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

^1.After the district court issued its opinion in this case the New Mexico Supreme Court dissolved the LAC. See NMRA, Rules 16-706 and 16-707 (2004).

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