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| KEVIN L. GILMORE,
v.
RON WARD |
No. 04-6372
(D.C. No. CIV-03-1498-HE) |
The events giving rise to this case occurred slightly before 7:00 p.m. on December 7, 2000, when Petitioner allegedly attempted to take money from a Dollar General Store by threatening a cashier. Petitioner's attempts were unsuccessful, and based on reports from witnesses, law enforcement officers were able to arrest and charge Petitioner several weeks later. Following a jury trial during which Petitioner was represented by counsel, Petitioner was convicted in Oklahoma state court of Attempted Robbery in the First Degree After Former Conviction of a Felony and sentenced to twenty years in prison. On appeal, Petitioner (represented by new counsel) asserted that (1) the trial court erred in excluding Petitioner's copy of a temporary shelter card showing his admission to the City Rescue Mission on December 7, 2000, and (2) the trial court erred in instructing the jury on the permissible range of punishment for Attempted Robbery in the First Degree. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals ("OCCA") rejected these claims on their merits and affirmed Petitioner's conviction and sentence on October 24, 2002.
Petitioner then filed an application for post-conviction relief in Oklahoma state court in which he asserted that (1) he was denied effective assistance of trial and appellate counsel; (2) the trial court lacked jurisdiction over the criminal proceeding because Petitioner should have been charged with second-degree attempted robbery; and (3) Petitioner's sentence was excessive because it exceeded the statutory punishment for second-degree attempted robbery.
Both the Oklahoma District Court and the OCCA denied Petitioner's application for post-conviction relief. The OCCA specifically found that all of the claims asserted in the post-conviction appeal except the claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel were procedurally barred as a result of Petitioner's failure to raise these claims in his direct appeal. The OCCA then concluded that Petitioner had not shown that his appellate counsel provided constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel.
Petitioner then filed this § 2254 petition in Federal District Court, asserting the same arguments raised in his state-court post-conviction proceedings.(2) After referring the matter to a magistrate judge for consideration, the district court denied the petition and Petitioner's request for a certificate of appealability ("COA"). Petitioner now seeks a COA from this court so that he may appeal the denial of his § 2254 petition.
Under 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1), this court lacks jurisdiction to consider the
merits of Defendant's appeal unless he first obtains a COA. In the instant case,
Defendant seeks a COA from this court because the district court denied his
request to appeal its decision. See Fed. R. App. P. 22(b)(1). To prevail on his
COA request, Defendant must make "a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This is accomplished by
establishing that "reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter,
agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that
the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further."
Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 483-484 (2000) (quotations omitted).
Petitioner asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object
to the district court's exclusion of certain alibi evidence, to wit, a "temporary
shelter card" from the City Rescue Mission on December 7, 2000.(3) Petitioner
contends that this evidence, if admitted, would have shown that he was not in the
vicinity of the robbery at the time the crime was committed. In order to assert an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Defendant must set forth specific
"performance" errors on the part of trial counsel and demonstrate "prejudice," i.e.,
a "reasonable probability" that, absent those errors, a different outcome would
occur. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984). With regard to the
claims that Petitioner's attorney should have objected more vigorously to the
exclusion of the temporary shelter card, we agree with the district court and the
magistrate judge that none of the alleged conduct overcomes our presumption that
counsel acted within the wide range of reasonable professional judgment. See
Strickland, 688 U.S. at 689. This is because, as the magistrate judge noted,
"Petitioner [has] not provided sufficient record for this Court to determine the
nature of the evidence at issue, or the nature and rationale of the trial court's
ruling thereon." As a result, we hold that Defendant has failed to meet the
standard for COA on his ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim.
Because Petitioner appears pro se, we construe his application
for COA
liberally. Cannon v. Mullin, 383 F.3d 1152, 1160 (10th Cir. 2004), cert.
denied,
125 S. Ct. 1664 (2005). But even giving the COA application a generous reading,
we can discern only one ground for Petitioner's claim of ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel: the appellate attorney's failure to raise the ineffectiveness of
Petitioner's trial counsel on direct appeal.
Under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d), Petitioner may only obtain federal habeas
relief if the state decision "was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable
application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme
Court of the United States," or "was based on an unreasonable determination of
the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding." Here,
the OCCA held in its order denying post-conviction relief that appellate counsel's
failure to raise the ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim did not render
appellate counsel's performance deficient, nor did it render the result of
Petitioner's appeal unreliable and unfair. We agree with the OCCA's
determination.
The Sixth Amendment does not require appellate counsel to raise every
nonfrivolous argument on appeal. Banks v. Reynolds, 54 F.3d 1508, 1515 (10th
Cir. 1995). Given our determination that trial counsel's failure to object more
vigorously to the exclusion of the temporary shelter card did not, in itself,
constitute ineffective representation, we cannot state that appellate counsel's
failure to allege that trial counsel acted ineffectively was a performance
deficiency that implicates the Sixth Amendment. Petitioner has failed to make a
substantial showing of a denial of a constitutional right with regard to this claim
and, as a result, we deny COA.
Petitioner's remaining grounds for habeas relief are: (1) that the trial court
lacked jurisdiction over the criminal proceeding because the evidence supported
only the lesser-included offense of attempted robbery in the second degree; and
(2) that Petitioner's sentence was excessive because it exceeds the statutory range
of punishment for second degree attempted robbery. Petitioner raised these
claims during his request for post-conviction relief in the state courts, and the
OCCA deemed the claims to be procedurally barred due to Petitioner's failure to
raise the issues on direct appeal.
For substantially the reasons given by the magistrate judge below and
adopted by the district court, we agree that Oklahoma's procedural default rule
with regard to these issues is an adequate and independent state ground which
precludes federal review. Additionally, for the reasons given below, we agree
that Petitioner has not demonstrated sufficient cause or prejudice to overcome the
procedural bar. Accordingly, we deny COA on these claims.
From our review of the record and Petitioner's application for COA, it
does not appear that "reasonable jurists could debate whether . . . the petition
should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were
adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further." Slack, 529 U.S. at 483-484.
Accordingly, we DENY COA and DISMISS the appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
David M. Ebel
Circuit Judge
1.Based on our review of Petitioner's financial
declarations, we grant his
motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. See 28
U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1)
(2000).
2.In a supplemental brief filed with this court
on March 17, 2005, Petitioner
also claims, for the first time, that the photo identification procedures employed
by the police were unduly suggestive and violated the Due Process Clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment. Because this argument was never raised as a ground for
habeas relief in the district court, we decline to consider it here. See Singleton v.
Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 119 (1976).
3.We note at the outset that Petitioner's claim
of ineffective assistance of
trial counsel was deemed procedurally barred by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal
Appeals because Petitioner failed to raise this issue on direct appeal. However,
the resolution of this claim is necessarily intertwined with Petitioner's claim of
ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, since Petitioner argues that his
appellate attorney was ineffective for failing to raise ineffective assistance of
trial counsel. In other words, to determine whether Petitioner's appellate counsel
was ineffective for failing to raise trial counsel's ineffective assistance, we must
first necessarily determine whether trial counsel was ineffective in the first place.
Although a federal court will not ordinarily consider a claim upon which a
petitioner has procedurally defaulted in state court, this rule is based on
federalism and comity, not jurisdiction. See Trest v. Cain, 522 U.S. 87, 89
(1997). As a result, we are not required to apply procedural default sua sponte,
id. at 89-90, and decline to do so here with regard to Petitioner's ineffective
assistance of trial counsel claim.
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