UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

No. 05-2202
v.	District of New Mexico
CORNELIUS FIELDS,

Defendant-Appellant.	(D.C. No. CIV-05-438 BB/ACT)

ORDER*

Before HARTZ, SEYMOUR, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.

Cornelius Fields, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) that would allow him to appeal from the district court's order denying his habeas corpus petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). Because we conclude that Mr. Fields has failed to make "a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right," we deny his request for a COA, and we dismiss the appeal. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).

I. Background

Mr. Fields pleaded guilty to one count of possession with intent to distribute one kilogram of a mixture containing detectable amounts of phencyclidine. The district court sentenced him to 188 months' imprisonment. Judgment was entered on June 30, 2003. Mr. Fields did not file a direct appeal.

Mr. Fields commenced this habeas corpus action in the district court on April 18, 2005. In his petition, Mr. Fields argued that he is entitled to resentencing under United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005), and that counsel was ineffective in failing to object on Sixth Amendment grounds to the sentencing court's finding of drug quantity. The district court denied the motion, finding that Booker does not apply retroactively to cases on collateral review and that Mr. Fields could not show that he was prejudiced by his attorney's conduct. The court also denied Mr. Fields's request for a COA.

II. Claims on Appeal

The denial of a motion for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 may be appealed only if the district court or this Court first issues a COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). A COA will issue "only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). In order to make such a showing, a petitioner must demonstrate that "reasonable jurists could debate whether . . . the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further." Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 483-84 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted).

In his request for a COA before this Court, Mr. Fields makes two arguments. First, he claims that the sentencing court erred, under Booker, by improperly enhancing his sentence based on drug quantities found by a judge under the preponderance of the evidence standard. In making this argument, Mr. Fields asks us to retroactively apply Booker to invalidate his sentence. However, this Court has held that "Booker does not apply retroactively to initial habeas petitions." United States v. Bellamy, 411 F.3d 1182, 1186 (10th Cir. 2005) (denying a COA to a federal prisoner, sentenced in 2003, who raised a Booker challenge). Thus, Mr. Fields cannot challenge his sentence under Booker, as his conviction and sentence became final in June 2003, and he raised this claim for the first time on collateral review.

Second, he claims that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object on Sixth Amendment grounds to the sentencing court's finding of drug quantities. "To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show both that his counsel's performance was constitutionally deficient, and that this deficient performance prejudiced him." United States v. Harfst, 168 F.3d 398, 402 (10th Cir. 1999) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)). Mr. Fields was sentenced after the Supreme Court decided Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), but before the rulings in Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), and Booker. To show that counsel's performance was constitutionally deficient, Mr. Fields must show that counsel's failure to extrapolate the holding in Booker from Apprendi was objectively unreasonable. In our view, it was not. Although we had held that the rule announced in Apprendi applied to criminal proceedings in federal court, see United States v. Jones, 235 F.3d 1231, 1235 (10th Cir. 2000), we had also noted that Apprendi "specifically avoided disrupting the use or adequacy of the Sentencing Guidelines." United States v. Jackson, 240 F.3d 1245, 1249 (10th Cir. 2001) (internal quotation marks omitted). Given our precedent at the time and the five-
year gap between Apprendi and Booker, counsel's failure to predict Booker's constitutional and remedial holdings is not objectively unreasonable. Cf. United States v. Gonzalez-Huerta, 403 F.3d 727, 750 (10th Cir. 2005) (Briscoe, J., concurring and dissenting) ("[I]t is safe to say that no one . . . could have predicted the absolute sea-change in federal sentencing that would ultimately be wrought by the Supreme Court in its Booker remedial holding.").

Accordingly, we DENY Cornelius Fields's request for a COA and DISMISS this appeal.

Entered for the Court,

Michael W. McConnell

Circuit Judge