UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

RAMIRO N. BERNAL,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

PHILL KLINE, Attorney General, in his official capacity; GEARY COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS,

Defendants-Appellees.	No. 05-3274

(D.C. No. 04-CV-3457-SAC)

(Kansas)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before HARTZ, SEYMOUR, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiff-Appellant Ramiro Bernal, a state inmate appearing pro se, appeals the district court's order dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action as untimely and for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. The district court granted Mr. Bernal's motion to proceed in forma pauperis. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and affirm.

On or around August 14, 2002, Mr. Bernal's probation was revoked and he was held in custody at the Geary County Jail in Junction City, Kansas for approximately sixty days. Rec. at 1 (Compl. at 4). On approximately October 14, 2002, he was transferred from the Geary County jail to the Clay Center County Jail, where he was held until November 27, 2002. Id. In his civil rights action, Mr. Bernal claims he was incarcerated approximately twenty-two days beyond the expiration of both his sentence and the maximum sentence permitted for his charge. Id. In other words, he claims he should have been released from prison on approximately November 5, 2002, twenty days after he was transferred from Junction City to the Clay Center jail. Mr. Bernal did not sue the Clay County officials who allegedly held him in confinement beyond the expiration of his sentence, but instead sued numerous Geary County officials, who he contends violated his constitutional rights by transferring him to Clay County. Mr. Bernal evidently views the transfer as directly responsible for his allegedly illegal confinement. However, he failed to explain in his pleadings either to this court or the district court why this is so.

Mr. Bernal's § 1983 action was filed on December 7, 2004, more than two years after November 27, 2002, the date on which he was released from his allegedly illegal confinement and more than two years after October 14, 2002, the date on which defendants transferred him to the Clay County jail. Thus, regardless of which date is pertinent to Mr. Bernal's claims, Kansas's two-year statute of limitations had run as to both by the time he filed this action. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-513(a)(4) (2004). The district court ordered Mr. Bernal to show cause why his action should not be dismissed as time barred, and also why his claim for damages was not subject to and barred by the United States Supreme Court holding in Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994).1 Rec. at 5. Mr. Bernal responded to the order to show cause, stating that he submitted his action, as well as a notice of intent to file, to prison officials for "processing" on November 25, 2004. Rec. at 6. He further stated that he applied for in forma pauperis status on the same date. Id. Finally, Mr. Bernal contended his action should be considered timely filed under the so-called Prisoner Mailbox Rule, which provides a prisoner's § 1983 action will be considered timely if given to prison officials for mailing prior to the filing deadline, regardless of when the court receives the filing. Price v. Philpot, 420 F.3d 1158, 1162-64 (10th Cir. 2005).

The district court found that Mr. Bernal did not establish he had submitted his action for mailing by November 27, 2005, as required by the mailbox rule. Rec. at 13. In reaching this determination, the court pointed to the financial statements accompanying Mr. Bernal's ifp motion, which contain a certification date of November 30, 2004. Id. at p. 2. The court noted that the Prisoner Mailbox Rule has been narrowly interpreted and requires proof that the prisoner submitted filings for mailing to prison officials, accompanied by adequate postage.2 Because Mr. Bernal failed to establish he had submitted a completed action for mailing, rather than processing, accompanied by adequate postage, and because his several filings contain conflicting dates, the district court dismissed the action as untimely. Moreover, the court noted that even if the action was timely filed as to the November 27 deadline, it was not timely filed as to the accrual deadline implicated by Mr. Bernal's actual claims. In other words, the court recognized that Mr. Bernal sued Geary County officials, who he claimed transferred him in violation of his rights to a Clay County jail, not the Clay County officials who allegedly were responsible for his illegal confinement. The transfer by defendants occurred on or around October 14, 2002, more than twenty days prior to the expiration of Mr. Bernal's sentence. If it is the transfer Mr. Bernal challenges rather than his continued confinement, the true accrual date for his action was October 14, not November 27.

In the present appeal, Mr. Bernal challenges the district court's determination that the timeliness of his action is not saved by the Prisoner Mailbox Rule. He further states that "pre-trial discovery" would enable him to establish that his transfer by defendants to a Clay County jail resulted in his eventual illegal confinement. Aplt. Br. at 2. We review de novo the district court's determination that Mr. Bernal's action is barred by the statute of limitations. See Laurino v. Tate, 220 F.3d 1213, 1216 (10th Cir. 2000). Because Mr. Bernal proceeds pro se, we liberally construe his pleadings, see Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972).

"In civil rights actions brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, we apply the applicable state statute of limitations." Price, 420 F.3d at 1162, citing Abbitt v. Franklin, 731 F.2d 661, 663 (10th Cir. 1984) (en banc). In this case, Kansas's two-year statute of limitations applies. See Laurino, 220 F.3d at 1216. The dispositive question for this appeal is when, exactly, the two-year limitations period began to run. We agree with the district court that it began to run on October 14, 2002, and therefore the filing deadline for the present action was October 14, 2004. Mr. Bernal does not claim, nor is there evidence in the record to suggest, that he filed the present action on or before October 14, 2004. Rather he contends the accrual date should be November 27, 2002, the date he was released from illegal confinement. Beyond stating that he could discover how the named defendants were responsible for his illegal confinement, Mr. Bernal does not even suggest how his transfer by defendants to another county during his legal confinement resulted in the other county holding him beyond the expiration of his sentence. Moreover, Mr. Bernal reasserts in his appeal that he correctly sued defendants and intended to challenge the transfer, an action that occurred on October 14, 2002. Accordingly, his complaint, filed on December 7, 2004 is untimely even if it was properly submitted for mailing to prison officials on November 25, 2004.

We AFFIRM the dismissal of Mr. Bernal's case. He is reminded that he is obligated to continue making partial payments until the balance of his appellate filing fee is paid in full.

SUBMITTED FOR THE COURT

Stephanie K. Seymour

Circuit Judge