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I. Background

In 1996, De Leon-Fernandez was convicted of dealing in heroin, an aggravated felony. He was deported from the United States to Guatemala in August of 2001. After he returned illegally to the United States, De Leon-Fernandez was charged with re-entry of a deported alien previously convicted of an aggravated felony in violation of 8 U.S.C. §§ 1326(a)(1)-(2) and (b)(2). With assistance of trial counsel, he pleaded guilty to this charge and was sentenced to 46 months of confinement followed by two years of supervised release.

De Leon-Fernandez, appearing pro se, filed a Motion To Vacate Or Reduce Sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 in United States District Court for the District of New Mexico. In the motion, De Leon-Fernandez claimed that his constitutional rights had been violated by the ineffective assistance of his counsel. Specifically, De Leon-Fernandez asserted that his lawyer should have argued for a lower sentence under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), and United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). The district court denied De Leon-Fernandez's petition based on the fact that no showing was made that his sentencing would have been different if his attorney had made the arguments raised in his § 2255 motion. The district court also denied his request for a COA. De Leon-Fernandez raises the same issues on appeal to this court.

II. Analysis

A circuit court may issue a certificate of appealability "only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). Where a district court "has rejected the constitutional claims on the merits," an applicant meets this standard by "demonstrat[ing] that reasonable jurists would find the district court's assessment of the constitutional claims debatable or wrong." Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 338 (2003) (quoting Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)). In conducting our analysis, we need only engage in "an overview of the claims in the . . . petition and a general assessment of their merits" rather than "full consideration of the factual or legal bases adduced in support of the claims." Miller-El, 537 U.S. at 336.

Reasonable jurists would not find the district court's ruling on De Leon-Fernandez's constitutional claims disputable or incorrect. The district court ruled that Apprendi and Blakely could not affect De Leon-Fernandez's sentence because they apply to state rather than federal sentences. See Blakely, 542 U.S. at 305. The district court also held that Booker could not change De Leon-Fernandez's sentence because its holding was retroactive only to cases on direct review. See Booker, 543 U.S. at 266. And we have held that Booker is not retroactive in cases on collateral review. United States v. Bellamy, 411 F.3d 1182, 1188 (10th Cir. 2005). Reasonable jurists therefore would not debate whether the district court's analysis was "contrary to . . . clearly established Federal law." See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 697 (1984). Accordingly, we adopt the district court's reasoning.

III. Conclusion

For these reasons, De Leon-Fernandez has failed to make a sufficient showing that he is entitled to a COA. Accordingly, we DENY De Leon-Fernandez's application for a COA and DISMISS this appeal.

Entered for the Court

Timothy M. Tymkovich

Circuit Judge

^*. This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders; nevertheless, an order may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

^2. After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

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