UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

HERLINDO FUENTES-RAMOS,

Defendant - Appellant.

No. 06-2010

(	D.C. No. CR-05-1136-MCA)

(D.N.M.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before KELLY, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.**

Defendant-Appellant Herlindo Fuentes-Ramos appeals his sentence, following a guilty plea, of a term of imprisonment of 57 months. He contends that the statutory maximum to which the district court could legally sentence him was 24 months, and as such, the district court erred. Our jurisdiction arises under 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a), and we affirm.

Background

On April 9, 2004, Mr. Ramos was arrested by an United States Border Patrol agent near Lordsburg, New Mexico. After questioning by the agent, Mr. Ramos admitted that he was a Mexican national who had illegally entered the United States. A further review of his records showed that he had been deported from the United States four times.

According to the Pre-Sentence Report ("PSR"), Mr. Ramos' criminal history category was IV and his total offense level was 21. See Aplee. Supp. App. at 7, 10. This combination rendered Mr. Ramos' United States Sentencing Guidelines ("Guidelines") range at 57 to 71 months. Mr. Ramos objected to this range, and requested that the district court depart downward because his criminal history category "over-represent[ed] the seriousness of his previous conduct." Id. at 2. Following a sentencing hearing, the district court disagreed with Mr. Ramos' characterization of his guideline range, and sentenced him to a term of 57 months. This appeal followed.

Discussion

On appeal, Mr. Ramos contends that because the information charged him with a violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a)(1), (2), and that crime carries a maximum penalty of 24 months, the district court erred in sentencing him to a 57 month term of imprisonment. As Mr. Ramos failed to raise this issue before the district court, our review is for plain error. United States v. Visinaiz, 428 F.3d 1300, 1308 (10th Cir. 2005). Thus, Mr. Ramos must demonstrate that the sentence contains (1) error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that the error affects substantial rights. Id. If this is shown, we may exercise discretion to correct the error only if it "seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings." Id. (internal quotations omitted); see also United States v. Lott, 310 F.3d 1231, 1241-42 (10th Cir. 2002).

As mentioned above, Mr. Ramos argues that he could only be sentenced to a 24 month term of imprisonment because the information charges him with a violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a). The government disagrees, contending that because Mr. Ramos qualified under § 1326(b)(2) as one who was removed following an aggravated felony, he could be imprisoned to a maximum of 240 months, as that subsection indicates. Mr. Ramos' argument is without merit.

While it is quite true that the charging document (whether an information or an indictment) must set forth each element of the crime that it charges, it "need not set forth factors relevant only to the sentencing of an offender found guilty of the charged crime." Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 228 (1998). As the Supreme Court has instructed, and the government contends here, it is clear that § 1326(b)(2), the statutory provision of import here, sets forth "a sentencing factor . . . and not a separate criminal offense." Id. at 235. Accordingly, as it does not set forth a separate crime, "neither the statute nor the Constitution" requires the government to include that Mr. Ramos was going to be sentenced in accordance with § 1326(b)(2) in the information. Id. at 226-27.1 There is no error here, plain or otherwise.

AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

Paul J. Kelly, Jr.

Circuit Judge