UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

BENAD ABIODUN,

Petitioner,

v.

ALBERTO R. GONZALES, United States Attorney General,

Respondent.

No. 06-9527

(No. A 073 764 249)

(Petition for Review)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before HOLMES, McKAY, and BRORBY, Circuit Judges.

This pro se petition for review, initiated in the district court as a petition for habeas relief and later transferred here pursuant to the Real ID Act of 2005, challenges "the denial of [Petitioner's] statutory right to naturalization, [and] his continued detention and deportation order." Pet. Br. at 2. As explained below, we dismiss the petition.

Background1

Petitioner Benad Abiodun is a native and citizen of Nigeria. Administrative Record (A.R.) at 16. In 1996, he entered this country and became a lawful permanent resident after marrying a United States citizen. Id. at 45, 72, 145. In January 2001, Mr. Abiodun applied for naturalization, and in August 2001, he underwent examination. Id. at 195.

But in May 2002, while his application was still pending, Mr. Abiodun was convicted in Colorado state court of, among other things, two counts of distributing a controlled substance, and was sentenced to four years in prison. Id. at 18, 313-14. The former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) 2 soon began removal proceedings against him, citing the aggravated-felony provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act.3 Id. at 397.

In October 2004, the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) denied Mr. Abiodun's naturalization application, concluding that because of his convictions, he lacked good moral character. Id. at 293-94. Mr. Abiodun was paroled from prison approximately two months later and was taken into custody by immigration authorities. Id. at 165, 280, 381. In March 2005, Mr. Abiodun filed a habeas petition in federal district court, seeking release from custody and reversal of the decision denying naturalization.

In May 2005, following several hearings, an Immigration Judge found Mr. Abiodun deportable as an aggravated felon, and ordered him removed to Nigeria. Id. at 208-09. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) subsequently dismissed his appeal from that order. Id. at 2. Mr. Abiodun then petitioned this court for review, Abiodun v. Gonzales, No. 05-9585 (filed Sept. 29, 2005), and later filed another petition in this court after the BIA declined to reopen his case and to reconsider the dismissal order, Abiodun v. Gonzales, No. 05-9603 (filed Dec. 22, 2005). After consolidating the petitions, this court affirmed the BIA's decisions in a published opinion, Abiodun v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 1210 (10th Cir. 2006).

In March 2006, the district court (1) dismissed Mr. Abiodun's habeas petition to the extent he challenged the denial of his naturalization application; and (2) transferred to this court the remainder of the petition, which, according to the district court, had become a challenge to the removal order. Abiodun v. Maurer, No. 05-cv-352-WDM-PAC, at 3-4 (Order of Mar. 2, 2006). We treated the transferred habeas petition as a petition for review of the removal order. See Schmitt v. Maurer, 451 F.3d 1092, 1095 (10th Cir. 2006) (citing Real ID Act § 106(c)). Mr. Abiodun did not file in the district court a notice of appeal regarding the dismissed portion of his habeas petition, and instead, on March 27, 2006, filed in this court a docketing statement, and on July 17, 2006, a "Brief on Habeas Action." In the brief, Mr. Abiodun lists two issues: (1) "[w]hether [he] is a national of the United States . . . but for the negligence of the immigration authorities," Pet. Br. at 4 (quotation omitted); and (2) whether the INS violated his constitutional rights by commencing removal proceedings immediately after his state-court conviction, id. at 13.

Discussion

I. Naturalization

Mr. Abiodun argues that if BCIS had acted promptly on his naturalization application, he would have been a naturalized United States citizen at the time of his state drug convictions and would not have become deportable. He also argues that the denial of naturalization is flawed because it was "based on a charge that was not sustained by the requisite evidence," Pet. Br. at 9, and "[t]he conviction did not occur within [his] statutory eligibility requirement period" and "is not considered final," id. at 9-10. We lack jurisdiction to consider these arguments. Consistent with section 106(c) of the Real ID Act, the district court transferred to this court only removal issues. See Pub. L. 109-13, 119 Stat. 231, 311 (2005) (requiring the transfer to a circuit court of any portion of a habeas case "challenging a final administrative order of removal, deportation, or exclusion"). The district court retained jurisdiction over Mr. Abiodun's habeas challenge to his naturalization proceedings and dismissed that challenge. See generally Ferry v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 1117, 1131 (10th Cir. 2006) (considering a "mixed habeas petition" and observing that "the Real ID Act did not eliminate a district court's jurisdiction to review habeas petitions challenging an alien's detention"). Mr. Abiodun's failure to appeal the dismissal of his naturalization challenge precludes our review. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(a) (providing for an appeal from a final judgment in a habeas case); id. § 2107(a) (stating that "no appeal shall bring any judgment, order or decree in an action, suit or proceeding of a civil nature before a court of appeals for review unless notice of appeal is [timely] filed"); cf. Abiodun, 461 F.3d at 1217 (recognizing that "review of a decision denying naturalization is outside the scope of removal proceedings").4

Mr. Abiodun also argues that he is not removable because he became a United States national upon executing an oath-of-allegiance form during his naturalization examination. When reviewing a removal order, this court ordinarily has jurisdiction to consider whether the petitioner is a national of this country. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(5). But Mr. Abiodun's oath argument was presented and rejected during this court's first review of the removal order. See Abiodun, 461 F.3d at 1215-16. We are statutorily barred from reviewing a removal order if "another court has . . . decided the validity of the order." 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(2). The only exceptions are if "the petition presents grounds that could not have been presented in the prior judicial proceeding or that the remedy provided by the prior proceeding was inadequate or ineffective to test the validity of the order." Id. Neither exception applies here to permit a second review of Mr. Abiodun's removal order.

II. Commencement of Removal Proceedings

Mr. Abiodun next argues that his constitutional rights were violated by immigration authorities "lodging a detainer against him immediately after the jury conviction on April 24, 2002, when he had not waived his appeal as of right." Pet. Br. at 16. Because this argument was presented and rejected during this court's first review of the removal order, see Abiodun, 461 F.3d at 1217, we cannot consider it again, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(2).

Mr. Abiodun also argues that the "removal order [is] based on [a] charge that was not sustained by the requisite evidence." Pet. Br. at 19. But that argument too was raised and resolved during our prior review, see Abiodun, 461 F.3d at 1217, and cannot be addressed again, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(2).

Mr. Abiodun further argues that "EOIR authorities[]" (1) "fail[ed] to notify him of his right to contact consular or diplomatic officials of his native former country for assistance," Pet. Br. at 22; (2) "fail[ed] to determine his citizenship but proceeded to take evidence," id. at 19; (3) "fail[ed] to protect the petitioner's right to counsel under 8 C.F.R. § 292, but proceeded to take evidence," id. at 20; (4) "coerc[ed] his answers concerning citizenship, nationality and conviction and thus incriminated him," id.; and (5) failed to "giv[e] petitioner a reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence against him," id. at 20-21. None of these arguments were raised in Mr. Abiodun's initial petition for review. Nevertheless, because they could have been raised initially, they are barred now. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(2).6

Finally, Mr. Abiodun states that he has been transferred to a "new location" which "lacks adequate legal, writing and printing materials to assist the petitioner to effectively represent himself," and that immigration authorities failed to forward Respondent's docketing statement to the new location. Pet. Br. at 23. Mr. Abiodun fails to satisfy the actual injury component of constitutional standing to bring this claim.

Although due process applies in removal proceedings, Ferry, 457 F.3d at 1128, and due process requires that prisoners have at their disposal adequate legal tools, see Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 828 (1977), Mr. Abiodun does not indicate how, or even if, the purportedly inadequate materials or the non-
forwarded docketing statement impacted this proceeding. Consequently, without deciding the parameters of a removable prisoner's due process right to adequate legal materials, we simply conclude that Mr. Abiodun has failed to demonstrate any actual injury that "hindered his efforts to pursue a legal claim." Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351 (1996).

The petition for review is DISMISSED.7

Entered for the Court

Jerome A. Holmes

Circuit Judge