FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit

April 4, 2007

Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court

PUBLISH

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

In re: SALLY ANN DURAN,

               Debtor.

‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑

SALLY ANN DURAN,

               Appellant,

   v.

AMERICREDIT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.,

               Appellee.	

No. 06-1264	

APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO
(D.C. No. 05-cv-507-REB)

Submitted on the briefs:*

Sally Ann Duran, pro se.

Michael B. Levy, James E. Brown & Associates, P.C., Denver, Colorado, for Appellee.

Before PORFILIO, BALDOCK, and EBEL, Circuit Judges.

EBEL, Circuit Judge.

	After carefully reviewing the bankruptcy and district courts’ decisions, the record on appeal, the parties’ briefs, and the pertinent law, we agree with the analysis in the district court’s order, In re Duran, No. 05-cv-507-REB (D. Colo. Nov. 1, 2005).  We therefore adopt the district court’s decision as our own and attach it as an appendix to this opinion.  See Hollytex Carpet Mills, Inc. v. Okla. Employment Sec. Comm’n (In re Hollytex Carpet Mills, Inc.), 73 F.3d 1516, 1518 (10th Cir. 1996) (adopting district court’s opinion as the opinion of the court of appeals and attaching it as an appendix); Herrera v. UAW, 73 F.3d 1056, 1057 (10th Cir. 1996) (adopting analysis in published district court decision); Wyo. Trucking Ass’n v. Bentsen, 82 F.3d 930, 931 (10th Cir. 1996) (adopting district court’s decision as the opinion of the court of appeals and ordering the district court’s decision to be published).
	Duran’s additional arguments attempting to prosecute the crimes of aggravated motor vehicle theft, Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-4-409, and theft by receiving, Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-4-410, are unavailing because these statutory proscriptions do not provide for private causes of action.  See generally Diamond v. Charles, 476 U.S. 54, 64-65 (1986) (holding that private citizens cannot compel enforcement of criminal law).  Her attempt to collect damages under Colorado’s rights in stolen property statute, Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-4-405, is likewise unavailing because there has been no showing of any criminal act.  See Itin v. Ungar, 17 P.3d 129, 134 (Colo. 2000) (holding that the statute requires proof of a specified criminal act).
	The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.  Appellant’s motion to proceed on appeal without prepayment of costs or fees is GRANTED.

APPENDIX

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO
Judge Robert E. Blackburn

Civil Case No. 05-cv-507 (REB)

In re SALLY ANN DURAN,

	Debtor,

SALLY ANN DURAN,

	Plaintiff/Appellant,
v.

AMERICREDIT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.,

	Defendant/Appellee.

__________________________________________________________________

ORDER AFFIRMING
__________________________________________________________________
Blackburn, J.

	This matter is before me on the appeal of Sally Ann Duran from the order
entered by Bankruptcy Judge A. Bruce Campbell on March 7, 2005 (R. Doc. 58). In that order, Judge Campbell denied Duran’s motion for order of contempt as to
AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc.  Duran’s appeal is denied, and Judge Campbell’s order is affirmed.

FACTS & PROCEDURAL STATUS
	The facts are undisputed.  On September 22, 2001, Duran purchased a 2001
Chevrolet truck, which was financed by AmeriCredit, the defendant/appellee.
AmeriCredit had a first lien on the truck, which lien was noted on the certificate of title.  Duran defaulted on the loan, and AmeriCredit instituted a state court replevin action to recover possession of the truck.  Duran filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition one day before the hearing on AmeriCredit’s replevin action.
	Under 11 U.S.C. § 362(a), the filing of a bankruptcy petition creates an
automatic stay on actions by a creditor to recover on a claim against the bankruptcy debtor.  On November 9, 2004, AmeriCredit field a Motion for Relief from Stay in the Bankruptcy Court.  AmeriCredit sought relief from the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. § 362(d).  On December 8, 2004, the Bankruptcy Court held a preliminary hearing on AmeriCredit’s motion. On December 9, 2004, the Bankruptcy Court entered an Order Granting Relief From Stay (R. Doc. 41). AmeriCredit repossessed the truck from Duran nine days later on December 18, 2004.
	On February 22, 2005, Duran filed a Motion for Order of Contempt against
AmeriCredit (R. Doc. 53).  Duran claimed that AmeriCredit’s repossession of the truck less than ten days after the court’s December 9, 2004, Order Granting Relief form Stay violated the ten day stay of such orders created by Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3).  On March 7, 2005, the Bankruptcy Court issued the order at issue here, its Order Denying Motion for Order of Contempt and Verified Objection to Creditor’s Claim (R. Doc. 58).  In his order Judge Campbell held that under “11 U.S.C. § 362(e), the § 362(a) stay expires automatically once thirty days have passed from the date a motion for relief from stay is filed, unless the court orders the automatic stay continued.” Id. (emphasis in original).  Citing his opinion in In re Duran, 291 B.R. 542 (Bankr. Colo. 2003), Judge Campbell concluded that the stay created under Rule 4001(3) was not applicable under the circumstances of this case.
ANALYSIS
	Section 362(e)(1) provides, in relevant part:

Thirty days after a request under subsection (d) of this section for relief
from the [automatic] stay of any act against property of the estate under
subsection (a) of this section, such stay is terminated with respect to the
party in interest making such request, unless the court, after notice and a
hearing, orders such stay continued in effect pending the conclusion of, or
as a result of, a final hearing and determination under subsection (d) of
this section.  A hearing under this subsection may be a preliminary
hearing, or may be consolidated with the final hearing under subsection
(d) of this section.  The court shall order such stay continued in effect
pending the conclusion of the final hearing under subsection (d) of this
section if there is a reasonable likelihood that the party opposing relief
from such stay will prevail at the conclusion of such final hearing.

Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3) provides:

	(3) Stay of order

An order granting a motion for relief from an automatic stay made in
accordance with Rule 4001(a)(1) is stayed until the expiration of 10 days
after the entry of the order, unless the court orders otherwise.

	Duran argues that the December 9, 2004, order lifting the automatic stay was itself automatically stayed for ten days under Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3), and that AmeriCredit violated the Rule 4001(a)(3) stay when it repossessed the truck on December 18, 2004.  AmeriCredit argues, and Judge Campbell held, that the stay of Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3) is not applicable in the circumstances of this case.  I agree with Judge Campbell’s analysis.

	Subsection (e) of section 362 states that the section 362(a) stay
automatically expires thirty days from filing of a section 362(d) stay relief
application unless one of two prescribed events occurs: (a) the court
orders the stay continued in effect pending an evidentiary hearing; or (b) the court orders the stay continued in effect following a final
hearing--whether the "final" hearing is an initial or continued evidentiary
hearing.  For event (a) to occur, the party opposing stay relief at a
preliminary, non-evidentiary hearing must demonstrate "reasonable
likelihood" of prevailing if the matter is set over to a final evidentiary
hearing.  For event (b) to occur, the party opposing stay relief must prevail
in getting the stay relief application denied, either at an initial or
subsequent evidentiary hearing.  Barring the occurrence of one of these
two events, there is no stay thirty days after an application for stay relief is
filed. It simply expires–“is terminated”–by Congress's mandate contained
in section 362(e).

In re Duran, 291 B.R. 542, 544 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2003).  Applying the mandate of § 362(e) to this case, the automatic stay terminated no later than December 10, 2004, 30 days after AmeriCredit filed its motion for relief from stay.  Neither of the events which may suspend the automatic expiration of the automatic stay under § 362(e) occurred in this case.
	The key question is whether the stay created under Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3) suspends the automatic termination of the automatic stay when that termination becomes effective 30 days after the filing of a motion for relief from stay.  I conclude that the Rule 4001(a)(3) stay cannot have that effect.  The United States Supreme Court has the power to prescribe rules for cases brought under Title 11 of the United States Code.  28 U.S.C. § 2075.  Although Congress has an opportunity to review new rules before they become effective, Congress’ explicit approval is not required before a new rule becomes effective.  Id.  To the extent a rule adopted by the Supreme Court abridges, enlarges, or modifies a substantive right, the rule is ineffective, because § 2075 provides that such “rules shall not abridge, enlarge, or modify any substantive right.”  Id.  For AmeriCredit, the termination of the automatic stay under § 362(e) is a substantive right.  A secured creditor’s ability to recover its collateral, the property that is security for the debt, is a substantive right.  “[T]o the extent Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3) is read to be inconsistent with the Congressional thirty-day stay duration mandate of Code § 362(e), it would exceed the rule making power given the Supreme Court by Congress in 28 U.S.C. § 2075.”  In re Duran, 291 B.R. 542, 545 n. 4 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2003).  Bankruptcy Rule 4001(a)(3) properly cannot be read to stay the termination of an automatic stay beyond the thirty day stay duration mandated by § 362(e).  In this case, the automatic stay was terminated as to AmeriCredit’s right to recover its collateral no later than December 10, 2004, as mandated by § 362(e).  AmeriCredit did not violate the automatic stay when it repossessed its collateral, the truck, on December 18, 2004.
	THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED as follows:
	1) That the appeal of Sally Ann Duran from the order entered by Bankruptcy Judge A. Bruce Campbell on March 7, 2005 (R. Doc. 58), is DENIED, and the order is AFFIRMED; and
	2) Under Bankruptcy Rule 8014, the appellee shall be awarded his costs
incurred as a result of this appeal.
	Dated November 1, 2005, at Denver, Colorado.
										BY THE COURT:

			s/ Robert E. Blackburn
			Robert E. Blackburn
			United States District Judge