UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

SPENCER MOSS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

No. 06-4209
v.	District of Utah
LEA ANN CHRONES, Warden; JEANNE WOODFORD, Director CDC; B. LACKEY, Officer,

Defendants-Appellees.	(D.C. No. 2:06-CV-376-TC)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, McKAY, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.

Spencer Moss, a California state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, appeals from the district court's dismissal of his civil rights action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for improper venue. Mr. Moss claims that prison officials have seized and destroyed his legal papers and have blocked his access to the local district court. He also brings a series of motions asking this court to remedy his lack of access to the prison law library and to indigent prisoner mail service. The district court dismissed his action because it was "unable to find any reference whatsoever to Utah, let alone any allegation that Utah is home to any party, events, omissions or property possibly involved in this case." R. Vol. I, Doc. 12, at 1. On appeal, Mr. Moss argues that venue is proper because he is a resident of Utah and because prison officials violated his rights by seizing his property and mailing it to the Frank E. Moss Courthouse in Salt Lake City, Utah.

"[A] district court may . . . dismiss under § 1915 . . . for improper venue" regardless of whether the defendants raise the issue as an affirmative defense. Trujillo v. Williams, 465 F.3d 1210, 1217 (10th Cir. 2006). Since all of the defendants reside in California, venue is proper in Utah only if it is where "a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated." 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(2). The events giving rise to Mr. Moss's civil rights claim—the alleged wrongful seizures of his property and interference with his right of access to the courts—all occurred in California. Consequently, the District of Utah is not the proper venue to bring this action.

In his appellate brief, Mr. Moss argues for the first time that his property was sent to Utah. He did not raise this argument before the district court, and it is therefore waived.

Accordingly, the judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Utah is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court,

Michael W. McConnell

Circuit Judge