UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

JESSIE CHAVEZ-VARGAS,

Defendant-Appellant.

No. 07-3120

(D.C. No. 06-CR-20142-JWL)

(D. Kan.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, LUCERO, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.

Defendant Jessie Chavez-Vargas pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. He was sentenced to 262 months in prison, which was at the high end of the guideline range as determined by the court. His plea agreement states that he "knowingly and voluntarily waives any right to appeal or collaterally attack any matter in connection with this prosecution, conviction, and sentence." Mot., Ex. 1 at ¶10. The agreement further explains "[i]n other words, the defendant waives his right to appeal the conviction in this case and waives the right to appeal the sentence imposed in this case except to the extent, if any, the Court departs upward from the applicable Guideline range determined by the Court." Id. Mr. Chavez-Vargas appealed from his conviction and sentence and the government has moved to enforce his appeal waiver under United States v. Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315 (10th Cir. 2004).1 We grant the motion and dismiss the appeal.

Under Hahn, we will enforce an appeal waiver if (1) "the disputed appeal falls within the scope of the waiver of appellate rights"; (2) "the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his appellate rights"; and (3) "enforcing the waiver would [not] result in a miscarriage of justice." Id. at 1325. Mr. Chavez-Vargas contends his appeal does not fall within the scope of his appellate waiver.

Mr. Chavez-Vargas does not explain the nature of his appeal, but he argues that his appeal does not fall within the scope of his appellate waiver because the waiver is ambiguous. Although he acknowledges that the language from his plea agreement quoted above is "admittedly quite plain," he asserts that the following language "casts ambiguity into the analysis." Resp. at 3. That language states: "'The defendant is aware that Title 18, U.S.C. § 3742 affords a defendant the right to appeal the conviction and sentence imposed.'" Id. (quoting Mot., Ex. 1 at ¶10). Mr. Chavez-Vargas argues that "[a]lthough [he] has plainly and knowingly waived his right to appeal under 18 U.S.C. § 3742, this Court could reasonably find that the plea agreement's silence on the question of whether [his] appeal waiver includes a waiver of appeal rights under [28] U.S.C. [§] 1291 creates an ambiguity which must be construed against the government." Id. This argument is frivolous. Section 1291 does not confer any substantive appellate rights upon Mr. Chavez-Vargas so there was nothing for him to waive; this provision simply states that "courts of appeals . . . shall have jurisdiction of appeals from all final decisions of the [federal] district courts." 28 U.S.C. § 1291. The absence of language in the plea agreement regarding § 1291 does not make Mr. Chavez-Vargas' appellate waiver ambiguous.

Next, Mr. Chavez-Vargas argues that a portion of the plea colloquy "could be construed to contain ambiguity." Resp. at 4. He contends that the following language is ambiguous:

Q.	Bottom line of what you have done in Paragraph 10 [of the plea agreement] is, for all intents and purposes, or certainly more likely than not, whatever sentence this court gives you is going to be the sentence you're going to serve. Do you understand?

A.	Yes.

Id. at 4 (quoting Mot., Ex. 2 at 17). Mr. Chavez-Vargas asserts that the district court's reference to "'more likely than not,'" could be read to mean that his appeal options are "limited but not completely foreclosed." Id. He argues that this ambiguity should be construed against the government and that this court should find that his appeal does not fall within the scope of his appellate waiver. This argument is also frivolous. The plea agreement does contain two exceptions that would allow Mr. Chavez-Vargas to appeal his sentence: (1) if "the Court departs upwards from the applicable Guideline range determined by the Court" or (2) "if the United States exercises its right to appeal the sentence imposed as authorized by Title 18, U.S.C. § 3742(b)." Mot., Ex. 1 at ¶ 10. Because of these exceptions, the district court's language that "more likely than not, whatever sentence this court gives you is going to be the sentence you're going to have serve," Mot., Ex. 2 at 17, is not ambiguous or inconsistent with the plea agreement.

Because there was no ambiguity in the plea agreement or plea colloquy and because this appeal does not fall within either of the two exceptions identified in the plea agreement, we conclude that Mr. Chavez-Vargas' appeal falls within the scope of the waiver of his appellate rights. Accordingly, the government's motion is GRANTED and the appeal is DISMISSED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

PER CURIAM